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superficial knowledge; half knowledge
一知半解のまま語ると恥をかく。
Speaking with only half-baked knowledge will embarrass you.
専門家の話を一知半解で聞いていた。
I was listening to the expert with only a vague understanding.
一知半解な知識では実務に対応できない。
Superficial knowledge cannot handle real-world tasks.