
dirt; filth; grime
「垢」 has another reading with different meanings.
長年の垢がこびりついた浴槽を磨き上げた。
I scrubbed the bathtub clean of grime that had built up over the years.
温泉に入って、体の垢をしっかり落としました。
I scrubbed off the dirt from my body.
彼は最近、垢抜けた印象になった。
He has recently taken on a more polished, sophisticated impression.