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the vertical; height
front-to-back; length
north-to-south
vertical (relationship); hierarchy
(weaving) warp
「縦」 has other readings with different meanings.
この箱の縦の長さを測ってください。
Please measure the height of this box.
縦に一列に並んでね。
Line up in a single column.
縦と横のサイズを教えてもらえますか。
Could you tell me the vertical and horizontal sizes?