previous conviction; criminal record; previous offense; previous offence
彼は前科があるため、就職に不利になった。
His criminal record put him at a disadvantage for employment.
有罪判決を受ければ、前科がついてしまいます。
If you are convicted, you will get a criminal record.
警察は彼の前科を徹底的に調べた。
The police thoroughly investigated his criminal record.