to catch (someone's words); to make out; to follow; to understand
to ask about (a situation, circumstances, etc.); to inquire
雑音が多くて聞き取れなかった。
There was too much noise and I couldn't make it out.
彼の方言を正確に聞き取った。
I accurately caught his dialect.
小声すぎて何を言っているか聞き取れない。
The voice is too quiet to make out what is being said.