vertical axis; vertical line
vertical shaft; spindle
connection between past and present
グラフの縦軸は温度を示す。
The vertical axis of the graph shows temperature.
縦軸が正確でないと結果が誤差を生む。
If the vertical axis is inaccurate, the results will contain errors.
このデータは縦軸に利益、横軸に年度を置いている。
This data has profit on the vertical axis and fiscal year on the horizontal axis.